#thorat cancer

[drvijaykaranreddy]

How to detect throat cancer early and what treatment options are available

The diagnosis of throat cancer is an alarming and frightening ordeal for those affected by it. Early detection and treatment of the disease are essential to increase the chances of a successful outcome. With advances in medical technology, the prognosis for throat cancer has improved significantly in recent years, making early detection and treatment more important than ever. In this article, we will explore the options available for the early detection and treatment of throat cancer and any associated risks or side effects.

Symptoms

Some common signs and symptoms of throat cancer include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and a lump in the neck. If you have any of these symptoms, you must see a doctor as soon as possible.

Diagnosis

Dr. Vijay Karan, the top oncologist, might advise the following in order to identify throat cancer:

Examining your neck more closely using a scope. During a procedure known as an endoscopy, Dr. Vijay Karan may use a specialized lighted scope (endoscope) to have a close look at your throat. He examines the images from a camera at the end of the endoscope on a video screen to look for any indications of abnormalities in your throat.

You can have a laryngoscope (an additional scope) placed into your voice box. It aids your doctor in inspecting your vocal cords using a magnifying lens.

Removing a sample of tissue for analysis. During an endoscopy or laryngoscopy, if abnormalities are discovered, he may insert surgical instruments through the scope to get a tissue sample (biopsy). The sample is delivered to a lab for analysis.

Dr. Vijay Karan may use imaging tests like computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) to ascertain the amount of your cancer's spread past the neck or voice box's surface.

[gitanjalithoratsblog]

Delayed Homecoming: Sunita Williams' Continued Journey in Space

Astronaut Sunita Williams is currently making headlines as she extends her stay aboard the International Space Station. Initially scheduled to return to Earth in a week, Williams and her crewmate Butch Wilmore are facing a delayed homecoming due to technical issues with the Starliner spacecraft.

Who is Sunita williams?

Sunita Williams is a Indian born American naval officer and NASA astronaut. She holds several records for her accomplishments in space exploration. She was born on September 19, 1965, in Euclid, Ohio, to Indian-American parents.she graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1987 with a degree in physical science. Williams served as a test pilot in the US Navy before being selected as a NASA astronaut candidate in 1998.

Space Missions :

Sunita Williams' first space mission was STS-116, launched on December 9, 2006, aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. She spent 195 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as a flight engineer, marking the beginning of her remarkable spaceflight career. Instead of returning to Earth, Williams stayed on the ISS and joined the mission, STS-117, which launched on June 8, 2007. She finally returned to Earth on June 22, 2007, after an extended stay in space. This continuous 322-day stay in space set the stage for her future records and achievements."

Sunita Williams' second space mission was Expedition 32/33, which launched on July 15, 2012, aboard the Russian spacecraft Soyuz TMA-05M. During this mission, she spent 127 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as a flight engineer and later became the commander of the ISS. She was return to earth on November 19, 2012.

Sunita Williams is currently on the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Boeing Crew Flight Test mission . This mission launched on June 5, 2024, and was expected to return after eight days, but technical issues with the Boeing Starliner's return module have delayed her return indefinitely.NASA has been considering alternate options for their safe return. NASA is conducting multiple checks and testing to insure the starliner's safety before returning to earth.

Health Concern:

Prolonged space travel can pose several health concerns for astronauts such as Radiation exposure, Increased risk of cancer,Muscle and bone loss,vision problems and eye damage,Sleep disturbances,increase risk of cardiac problems,Increased risk of infections.

Reportedly, Sunita Williams is experiencing Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) a condition observed in astronauts that affects the eyes and brain during and after extended space missions. It is characterized by changes in vision, increased intracranial pressure, and structural changes in the eyes.

As Sunita Williams continues her extraordinary journey in space, we pray for her safe return and marvel at her remarkable achievements, inspiring generations to reach for the stars.

Jai Hind🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

Gitanjali Thorat (Press Article Blogger)

22/08/2024

[gurukaur-blog]

Best Plastic Surgeon in Mumbai, India

Dr. Tushar Thorat is the Best Plastic Surgeon in Mumbai. He is a Consultant Cosmetic, Reconstructive and Plastic Surgeon. Dr. Tushar has over 8 years of experience in transforming lives of patients of disfigured face and body parts due to various causes like Cancer, Burns, Trauma and Congenital Anomalies. By giving patients a new face, he has helped thousands of such sufferers lead a life of hope, confidence and dignity.

[emindesus]

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Immunotherapy is the most commonly used tool to fight cancer, it works effectively to diagnose cancer. No matter what types of cancer you are facing, we focus on the application of full spectrum Multi-Antigenic treating many different types of cancer. With five decades of research and experience of Full Spectrum Multi-Antigenic Immunotherapy in the treatment of Cancer, we are able to treatment various types of Cancer with efficient and positive results, including Bladder Cancer, Bone Cancer, Brain Cancer, Breast Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Lund Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Renal Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Thorat Cancer, and Thyroid Cancer.

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[kansascityhappenings]

Researchers develop new blood test to screen for early-stage cancer

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Scientists have made progress on developing an experimental blood test that could detect many types of cancer in their early stages, and possibly even their locations in the body.

The noninvasive blood test was shown to detect the presence of common tumors of the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectum, lung and breast, according to a study published in the journal Science on Thursday.

This blood test, called CancerSEEK, could cost less than $500, which is comparable to or lower than other screening tests, such as a colonoscopy, according to the study. The study was funded by many foundations, research groups, and grants, while many of the study authors have ties to biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, as well as patents.

Yet as of now, the study only “lays the conceptual and practical foundation” for a cancer-screening blood test and much more research needs to be done before such a test could be widely used, the researchers wrote in the study.

The researchers hope that their test could make detecting early-stage cancers easier in the future.

“The success rate of therapeutics and surgeries is going to be much, much higher, we believe, if the cancer is found very early, before symptoms,” said Dr. Nickolas Papadopoulos, professor of oncology and pathology at Johns Hopkins Medicine and senior author of the study.

“This is the first step,” he said about the study. “The results are good enough to warrant the next step, which is to test this in a screening setting, meaning in thousands of individuals that actually do not have cancer and see really how well our test works.”

How accurate was the test?

Some of the blood tests currently used to diagnose cancer include complete blood count, blood protein testing, tumor marker tests, and circulating tumor cell tests.

With the exception of detecting blood cancers, however, those tests “generally can’t absolutely tell whether you have cancer or some other noncancerous condition,” according to Mayo Clinic’s website.

Rather, the tests offer doctors clues as to what’s going on inside your body.

For the blood test approach used in the new study, the researchers combined assessing levels of circulating proteins in the blood and mutations in cell-free DNA.

Specifically, the researchers evaluated levels of eight proteins and the presence of mutations in 2,001 genomic positions to detect signs of cancer.

Dr. Martin Widschwendter, a professor and head of the department of women’s cancer at University College London, who was not involved in the new study, described the approach as “groundbreaking.”

“All these different components in isolation have been demonstrated in the past for individual cancers. The groundbreaking nature is that blood protein markers have been combined with DNA markers and analyzed in a set of individuals with various cancers and controls,” he said.

The test was then given to 1,005 patients who previously had been diagnosed with stage I to III cancers of the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectum, lung or breast.

Currently, no blood-based tests are in common clinical use for earlier detection of those cancers, the researchers noted in their study.

The average sensitivity of the tests was 70% among the eight cancer types, researchers found. CancerSEEK was able to detect 98% of ovarian cancers, but when it came to the much more common breast cancer, the accuracy was significantly lower, at 33%.

The researchers also developed an algorithm to determine the source of the cancer identified in the positive tests, and they were able to localize the source to a single organ in an average of 63% of these patients.

The researchers also gave the test to 812 healthy patients and found that only seven of them resulted in a false-positive.

“We were pleasantly surprised that we could detect the amount of cancers that we were able to detect,” Papadopoulos said. “We were even more pleasantly surprised that not only we detected cancers, but with some degree of certainty, we were able to localize it to at least two sites as to where these cancers might be.”

The study had some limitations, including that the patients in the study already had been diagnosed with cancer, mostly based on symptoms. So patients in a real-life screening likely would have less advanced disease and might be more difficult to test.

Also, in a real-life scenario, even healthy patients who would be tested could have inflammatory or other diseases that could skew test results, which wasn’t seen among the healthy patients in the study.

The researchers have moved forward with a follow-up, five-year study to further evaluate the blood test, Papadopoulos said in a teleconference with reporters on Friday.

‘There is a long way to go’

While the recently published study appears “promising,” several of those caveats need to be addressed before researchers can contemplate how the blood test might play out in screening settings, Mangesh Thorat, deputy director of the Barts Clinical Trials Unit at the Center for Cancer Prevention at Queen Mary University of London, said in a written media statement.

“This is only a case-control study, and therefore needs further evaluation in large cohorts more representative of (the) general population,” said Thorat, who was not involved in the study.

“The sensitivity of the test in stage I cancer is quite low, about 40%, and even with stage I and II combined it appears to be around 60%. So the test will still miss a large proportion of cancers at the stage where we want to diagnose them,” he said. “The proportion of common cancers — breast, lung, colorectal — detected is again not as high as other, rarer cancers. This may mean that a screening program has to test a very large number of individuals to detect one cancer.”

While far more research needs to be done to develop such a blood test to detect early-stage cancers in the general population, the new study provides an additional piece to that puzzle, said Widschwendter.

“There is a lot more work to be done before a blood test can be offered for early diagnosis of a combination of various cancers,” he said. “There is a long way to go before we can actually do this.”

from FOX 4 Kansas City WDAF-TV | News, Weather, Sports http://fox4kc.com/2018/01/23/researchers-develop-new-blood-test-to-screen-for-early-stage-cancer/

from Kansas City Happenings https://kansascityhappenings.wordpress.com/2018/01/23/researchers-develop-new-blood-test-to-screen-for-early-stage-cancer/

[medicinethought-blog]

Bowel Cancer

Intro

Bowel cancer is the development of cancer from the bowel or colon. A cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool, a change in bowel movements, weight loss, and feeling tired all the time. Most diagnosis are due to old age and lifestyle factors with only a small number of cases due genetic disorders.

Cause

Most cases are caused by no link to genetic risk. Risk factors include older age, being male, high intake of fat, alcohol, red meat, processed meats, obesity, smoking, and a lack of physical exercise.

People with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are at increased risk the risk increases the longer a person has the disease, and the worse the severity of inflammation.

Genetic syndromes are also associated with higher rates of colorectal cancer such as: hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC or Lynch syndrome), Gardner syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

Diagnosis

PET, MRI and CT scans are usually used which then it used in partner with the TNM system which produces staging results using T stages:

Or Duke’s stages:

Surgery

If the cancer is found at a very early stage, small and localised it may be removed during a colonoscopy. , with the attempt of achieving a cure. This can either be done by an open laparotomy or sometimes laparoscopically. The colon may then be reconnected or a person may have a colostomy. Sometimes chemotherapy is used before surgery to shrink the cancer before attempting to remove it. The two most common sites of recurrence of colorectal cancer are the liver and lungs.

In both cancer of the colon, chemotherapy may be used in addition to surgery in certain cases. In Stage I colon cancer, no chemotherapy is offered, and surgery is the treatment. In Stage II colon cancer is and is usually not offered. For stage III and Stage IV colon cancer, chemotherapy is an integral part of treatment. If cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or distant organs, which is the case with stage III and stage IV colon cancer respectively, adding chemotherapy agents increases life expectancy. If the lymph nodes do not contain cancer, the benefits of chemotherapy are debatable. If the cancer is widely metastatic or unresectable, treatment is then palliative.

References

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“Defining Cancer”. National Cancer Institute.

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“Colorectal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)”. National Cancer Institute. 2014-02-27.

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Thorat, MA; Cuzick, J (Dec 2013). “Role of aspirin in cancer prevention.”. Current Oncology Reports. 15 (6): 533–40.

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Alpers, David H.; Kalloo, Anthony N.; Kaplowitz, Neil; Owyang, Chung; Powell, Don W. (2008). Yamada, Tadataka, ed. Principles of clinical gastroenterology. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 381.

Astin M, Griffin, T, Neal, RD, Rose, P, Hamilton, W (May 2011). “The diagnostic value of symptoms for colorectal cancer in primary care: a systematic review”. The British Journal of General Practice. 61 (586): 231–43.

Adelstein BA, Macaskill, P, Chan, SF, Katelaris, PH, Irwig, L (2011). “Most bowel cancer symptoms do not indicate colorectal cancer and polyps: a systematic review”. BMC Gastroenterology. 11: 65.

Watson AJ, Collins, PD (2011). “Colon cancer: a civilization disorder”. Digestive Diseases. 29 (2): 222–8.

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“Colorectal Cancer 2011 Report: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer” (PDF). World Cancer Research Fund & American Institute for Cancer Research. 2011.

Lee, I-Min; Shiroma, Eric J; Lobelo, Felipe; Puska, Pekka; Blair, Steven N; Katzmarzyk, Peter T (1 July 2012). “Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy”. The Lancet. 380 (9838): 219–29.

Fedirko V, Tramacere, I, Bagnardi, V, Rota, M, Scotti, L, Islami, F, Negri, E, Straif, K, Romieu, I, La Vecchia, C, Boffetta, P, Jenab, M (Sep 2011). “Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an overall and dose-response meta-analysis of published studies”. Annals of Oncology. 22 (9): 1958–72.

Valtin, H (November 2002). “"Drink at least eight glasses of water a day.” Really? Is there scientific evidence for “8 x 8”?“. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 283 (5): R993–1004

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Juhn E, Khachemoune, A (2010). “Gardner syndrome: skin manifestations, differential diagnosis and management”. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 11 (2): 117–22.

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